Igcine ukubuyekezwa ngoFebruwari 9, 2023 ngu Roger Kaufman
Ubani uBuddha?
Igama elithi “Buddha” lisho “ophapheme”.
UBuddha owayephila eminyakeni eyizi-2.600 XNUMX ngaphambili wayengeyena unkulunkulu.
Wayengumuntu ojwayelekile ogama lakhe lingu USiddhartha Gautama, ukuqonda kwawo okuphelele kwashukumisa imbulunga.
Isithombe seTibetan sikaShakyamuni Buddha iyaphumula futhi iphinde ithinte iplanethi.
FAQ Buddha
Wayengubani uBuddha?
UBuddha, owaziwa nangokuthi uSiddhartha Gautama, wayenguthisha ongokomoya nomsunguli weBuddhism. Wahlala eNdiya eminyakeni engaba ngu-2500 edlule futhi wathola ukukhanyiselwa ngaphansi komkhiwane.
Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "Buddha"?
Igama elithi "Buddha" livela kuSanskrit futhi lisho "ovusiwe". Kubhekiselwa kumuntu oye waqaphela iqiniso ngesimo sokuphila nendawo yonke.
Wafundisani uBuddha?
UBuddha wafundisa ukuthi ukuhlupheka kuyingxenye engenakugwenywa yokuphila komuntu, kodwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukunqoba lokho kuhlupheka futhi ufike esimweni sokuthula nenjabulo. Lokhu kufezwa ngokunqoba ukulangazelela nokungazi nokuthuthukisa ukuhlakanipha nozwelo.
Umuntu uba kanjani uBuddha?
NgokweBuddhism, wonke umuntu uyakwazi ukuba nguBuddha ngokulandela indlela yokukhanyiselwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa umkhuba wokuzindla, ukuziphatha okuhle, nokuthuthukiswa kokuhlakanipha nozwelo.
Iyini injongo yokuphila eBuddhism?
Inhloso yokuphila eBuddhism iwukunqoba ukuhlupheka futhi uthole ukukhanyiselwa okuphelele ukuze uphile esimweni sokuthula nentokozo.
Ayini amaqiniso amane amahle?
Amaqiniso Amane Ahloniphekile ayizisekelo zeBuddhism futhi ahlanganisa amaqiniso mayelana nokuhlupheka, izimbangela zako, ukudlula kwakho kanye nendlela yokunqoba.
Yiziphi izithiyo ezinhlanu?
Izithiyo Ezinhlanu yizinto ezinhlanu ezingavimbela inqubekela phambili endleleni eya ekukhanyiselweni: inkanuko, inzondo, ukudideka, ukungabaza, kanye nokuziqhenya.
Ubani uBuddha?
UBuddha wayengomunye isazi sefilosofi, isinxibi, umcabangi, uthisha ongokomoya kanye nomholi wenkolo owazalelwa eLumbini, eNepal futhi wahlala eNdiya yasendulo.
UBuddha akulona igama kodwa yisiqu. Igama lesiSanskrit elichaza "umuntu ophapheme".
Kalula nje, ubuBuddha buyalela ukuthi iningi lethu liphila obishini lwemibono edalwe ukuqagela okungamanga kanye “nokungcoliswa” - inzondo, ukuhaha, ukuntula ulwazi.
a Buddha ngumuntu ongenalo udaka. Kuthiwa uma uBuddha efa akaphinde azalwe - kodwa ungena ekuthuleni kwenjabulo okungelona "ipharadesi" kodwa isimo sobukhona esishintshile.
Ezimweni eziningi lapho umuntu ethi uBuddha, ihlala ihlobene nomuntu ongokomlando owasungula ubuBuddha.
Lona kwakuyindoda ebizwa ngokuthi uSiddhartha Gautama owayehlala enyakatho yeNdiya naseNepal eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili nanhlanu edlule.
Yini esiyiqondayo ngoBuddha womlando? Ubani uBuddha?
Abantu abaprakthiza ukuzindla ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-Bodhi e-Bodhgaya, e-India.
Okujwayelekile umlando iqala ngokuzalwa kukaSiddhartha Gautama eLumbini, eNepal, cishe ngo-567 BC. Bekunguye Kind yenkosi okunethezeka okuvikelwe kwanda. Washada futhi waba nengane.
Inkosana yasebukhosini uSiddhartha wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabili nesishiyagalolunye ubudala konkelapho ukuphila kwakhe kwashintsha.
Lapho egibele ikalishi ngaphandle kwezindlu zakhe zobukhosi, waqala ukubona umuntu ogulayo, kwase kuba omunye okudala indoda, emva kwalokho insali.
Lokhu kwamphuza kwaze kwafika enhliziyweni yakhe; Waqaphela ukuthi ukuma kwakhe okubusisekile kwakungeke kumvikele ekuguleni, ekukhuleni nasekufeni.
Lapho ebona umuntu ozobhapathizwa ngokomoya - isinxibi "indoda engcwele" - kwadingeka abheke kuye ukuze athole induduzo.
Wabonakala ngaphansi "kwesihlahla se-Bodhi" waze waqaphela ulwazi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke ngokuqinisekile wayezobizwa ngokuthi uBuddha.
Inkosana yasebukhosini wanika yakhe yezwe ukuphila futhi waqala ukushushiswa ngokomoya.
Wafuna abaqeqeshi futhi wajezisa umzimba wakhe ngezindlela ze-spartan ezifana nokuzila ukudla okunzima, isikhathi eside.
Kwakukholelwa ukuthi isijeziso somzimba siyindlela yokuqinisa umoya, eseduze ne Tod umnyango ukuya Sula kutholakele.
Noma kunjalo, ngemva kweminyaka engu-6, inkosana yasebukhosini yazizwa kuphela Ukucindezeleka.
Ekugcineni waqonda ukuthi indlela yokwehlisa umoya isetshenziswa ngokwengqondo. Ku Bodh Gaya, endaweni manje eyizwe laseNdiya laseBihar, wabonakala ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-ficus, "isihlahla seBodhi," waze wakhathala noma waqaphela ulwazi.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ngokuqinisekile wayezobizwa ngokuthi uBuddha.
Watshala imali esele AmaLebens ekuqeqesheni abantu ngabanye ukuze baqonde ulwazi ngokwabo.
Wanikeza inkulumo yakhe yokuqala eSarnath yangaleso sikhathi, eduze kwaseBenares, wabe esezulazula edolobheni ngedolobha elanda abalandeli endleleni.
Waqala uhlelo lokuqala lwabesifazane benkolo yamaBuddha nezindela, abaningi babo ababengabafundisi abahle kakhulu.
Wafa cishe ngo-483 BC. E-Kushinagar endaweni manje osekuyisifunda sase-Uttar Pradesh enyakatho ye-India.
Indaba kaBuddha - Ubani uBuddha?
Umlando ojwayelekile we AmaLebens AmaBuddha angase angabi neqiniso ngokweqiniso. Asinayo okungenzeka ezahlukeneukwazi lokhu ngokuqinisekile.
IziKronike ngokwazo heute ngokuvamile bayavumelana ukuthi kwakukhona uBuddha womlando ambona esikhathini esithile ekhulwini lesine kuya kwelesithupha B.C. waphila noma wanikezwa.
Kukholelwa ukuthi okungenani ezinye zezinkulumo ngisho neziqondiso ezihoxisiwe ezilotshwe emaBhayibhelini okuqala zingamazwi akhe, noma okuthile okusondele emazwini akhe.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kukhathaza izazi eziningi zomlando zizohamba nakanjani.
Ingabe ayekhona amanye amaBuddha ahlukahlukene?
Ku-Theravada Buddhism - ikolishi elihamba phambili laseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia - kukholakala ukuthi kunoBuddha oyedwa kuphela ubudala besintu.
Noma iyiphi iminyaka iyisikhathi eside ngokungenakucatshangwa isikhathi.
UBuddha IGegenwart unguBuddha wethu womlando, uSiddhartha Gautama. Omunye umuntu lowo Sula ukuqonda kule nkathi akubizwa ngokuthi uBuddha.
Kunalokho, uyi-arhat (i-Sanskrit) noma i-arahant (i-Pali) - "efanele" noma "ethuthukisiwe".
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-arhat ne-buddha ukuthi iBuddha kuphela umfundisi wembulunga yonke ovulelwe bonke abanye.
AmaBhayibheli okuqala asho amanye ahlukahlukene Buddha, owahlala ezikhathini zangaphambili ngendlela engenakucatshangwa.
Kukhona noMaitreya, uBuddha wesikhathi esizayo, ozovela nakanjani lapho sezilahlekile zonke izinkumbulo zabeluleki bethu bakaBuddha.
Kuneminye imikhuba ehlukahlukene ebalulekile yeBuddhism, Mahayana futhi ebizwa nangokuthi iVajrayana, futhi le mikhuba ayizange ilinganisele izinhlobonhlobo zamaBuddha ezingaba khona. Kodwa-ke, kochwepheshe babo bobabili ubuBuddha baseMahayana kanye neVajrayana, kufanelekile ukuba i-bodhisattva ethembisa ukuhlala emhlabeni kuze kube yilapho zonke izidalwa zaziswe.
Ubani uBuddha - yini ekhathaza amaBuddha kwezobuciko bamaBuddha
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamaBuddha, ikakhulukazi kumaBhayibheli nobuciko baseMahayana neVajrayana. Bamele izici zolwazi futhi bamele okwethu okungaphakathi impela Imvelo.
Amanye amaBuddha aziwa kangcono noma adlulele ahlanganisa amitabha, uBuddha wokukhanya okungenamkhawulo; U-Bhaiṣajyaguru, uBuddha Wemithi, omele amandla okuphulukisa; kanye noVairocana, uBuddha womhlaba wonke noma wangaphambi komlando, omele iqiniso eliphelele.
Indlela amaBuddha asungulwa ngayo yabelana ngezincazelo ezithile.
Umuntu ongenaboya, oyisidudla, ogigithekayo abantu baseNtshonalanga abaningana benza iphutha ngoBuddha uyisithombe sezinganekwane zamaShayina zekhulu le-10. Igama lakhe nguBudai in China noma iHotei eJapan.
Umele injabulo kanye nengcebo, ungumqaphi wabantwana futhi futhi wabagulayo kanye nababuthakathaka. Kwezinye izinkulumo kuxoxwa ngazo njengokuphuma kukaMaitreya, uBuddha wesikhathi esizayo.
Ubani uBuddha futhi amaBuddha ayathandaza?
UBuddha wayengeyena unkulunkulu, futhi abantu abaningi basenganekwaneni kwezobuciko bamaBuddha abameleli abantu abafana nonkulunkulu, oyobathanda ngokuqinisekile lapho ubadumisa.
UBuddha wayebhekwa njengobalulekile kulokho umkhuleko eqokiwe. EBhayibhelini (Sigalovada Sutta, Digha Nikaya 31) wazibonela ukuthi a Junge wabamba iqhaza endleleni yomthandazo wamaVeda.
UBuddha wamazisa ukuthi kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuphatha ngendlela enomthwalo wemfanelo, enesimilo Lebenukukhuleka njenganoma yini.
Ungase ucabange ngomthandazo lapho ubona amaBuddha amukela izithombe zikaBuddha, kodwa kukhona okunye okwenzekayo.
Kwezinye izikhungo zamaBuddha, ukuguqa kanye neminikelo kuwukubonakaliswa ngokomzimba kokuthambekela kokuzifunela wena, ukuphila okugxile kokuzazisa, kanye nokuzinikela ekwenzeni ukuqeqeshwa kukaBuddha.
Wafundisani uBuddha?
Njengoba uBuddha Sula ngaphezu kwalokho, wabona enye into: lokho ayezokubona ngokuqinisekile kwakuyisenzakalo esivamile esisemoyeni esingenakucaciswa ngokugcwele kuze kube manje.
Ngokuphambene nokuqeqesha abantu lokho okufanele bakucabange, wabaqeqeshela ukwazi ulwazi ngokwalo.
Umeluleki oyisisekelo weBuddhism yizinto ezi-4 eziNoble Reality.
Ngokushesha, iqiniso lokuqala lisitshela ukuthi lokhu ukuphila is dukkha, igama elingangeni kahle esiNgisini.
Ivamise ukuguqulwa ngokuthi 'ukuhlupheka', kodwa futhi iphakamisa 'inzima' futhi 'engakwazi ukujabulisa'.
Iqiniso lesi-2 lisitshela ukuthi i-dukkha inesizathu. Imbangela yamanje ukulangazelela, futhi ukunxanela kuvela ebuntwini bethu iqiniso asiqondi futhi asizazi thina.
Ngenxa yokuthi sizichaza ngokungeyikho, sigcwele ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka kanye nokudumala.
thina erleben ukuhlala ngokuzimela, ngendlela engcolile.
Uma thina Amaphuzu Wesifiso Sokuphila dlula, esicabanga ukuthi izosanelisa ngokuqinisekile.
Nokho, sithola ukwaneliseka ngokushesha, futhi ngemva kwalokho ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka nokulangazelela kuqala futhi.
Singabona isizathu se-dukkha futhi siphinde sisuse ingcindezi nokukhathazeka kanye nokulangazelela isondo le-hamster.
AmaBuddha kuphela imibono ngokucabanga, nokho, ngeke kuqedele lokhu.
inkululeko kuncike ekuqondeni komuntu izinsiza ze-dukkha.
Ukulangazelela ngeke kume kuze kube yilapho usuqonda ukuthi yini ebangela lokho.
I-Reality 4 isazisa ukuthi ukuqonda kuza ngendlela ye-Noble Eightfold Course.
I-Eightfold Course ingacaciswa njengesifinyezo sezinhlobo ezingu-8 zezindlela - ezihlanganisa ukucabangisisa, ukucabangela nokuphila ukuphila kokuziphatha okuhle okuzuzisa abanye - lokho kuyosisiza ngempela ukuba siphile kangcono. ukuhola impilo kanye nolwazi mayelana ulwazi lwendawo.
Abantu bacabanga ukuthi ukwaziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi glücklich ukuba, kodwa akusona isimo leso.
Ukutholwa kolwazi akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi kanyekanye. Ngokweqile, ulwazi lucaciswa ngendlela yokuthi lucubungule ngokuningiliziwe ubunjalo beqiniso lamaqiniso kanye nathi ngokwethu.
Ulwazi lubizwa nangokuthi imvelo kaBuddha, okuyimvelo ebalulekile yazo zonke izidalwa eVajrayana naseMahayana Buddhism.
Enye indlela yokwazi lokhu ukuqaphela ukuthi ulwazi lwe Buddha ihlala ikhona kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyazi noma cha.
Ngemva kwalokho, ulwazi akuyona izinga eliphezulu, okuyinto abanye Menschen abanakho futhi kanjalo nabanye.
Ukuqonda ulwazi kusho ukuqaphela lokho okwenzeka manje. Ukuthi nje iningi lethu ku Nebeli qamba amanga futhi angikuboni.
Ingabe ukhona umbhalo wamaBuddha?
Hhayi impela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanyuvesi amaningi kanye nezinkolo zisebenzisa i- Buddhism akuwona wonke uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli.
Umlayezo ohlonishwa ikolishi elithile ungase ungakhonjwa kwelinye.
Okungcono, amaBhayibheli obuBuddha angamazwi kankulunkulu adaluliwe, avunyelwe ngaphandle kokungabaza.
UBuddha wasibonisa ukuthi asikho mentor sigunyaze igunya kuphela, kodwa sizihlolele thina.
Ama-sutra amaningi, kanye neminye imilayezo ehlukahlukene, akhona ukuze asiqondise, hhayi ukusifundisa.
Isici esibalulekile ukuthi ubuBuddha akuyona into oyicabangayo, kodwa into oyenzayo.
Kuyinkambo yakho kokubili indlela yomuntu ngamunye kanye nokuhlola komuntu ngamunye.
Abantu sebedabule lesi sifundo iminyaka engama-25 futhi manje sekunemiyalo eminingi, izimpawu nezikhonkwane. Ngaphezu kwamaBhayibheli amaningi akhangayo, kukhona nabaqeqeshi nabafundisi.
UBuddha - Amazwi Okuhlakanipha (Audiobook)
umthombo: Imfundiso kaBuddha
