Igcine ukubuyekezwa ngoNovemba 3, 2023 ngu Roger Kaufman
Incazelo – siyini isingathekiso?
a isingathekiso empeleni isifekethiso esichaza into ethile noma isenzo ngendlela engokoqobo.
Kodwa-ke, izinsiza zichaza ithiphu noma zinikeze umehluko.
isingathekiso lisuselwa kwelesiGrikhi: metaphorein - ukweqa; ngakho sidlulisela incazelo yento eyodwa kwenye.
Isingathekiso siwumfanekiso wenkulumo ethi, ngezinhloso zokukhuluma, ichaze ngokuqondile iphuzu elithile ngokuxoxa ngelinye.
Inganikeza ikhwalithi noma ithole ukufana okumangazayo phakathi kwemibono emibili.
isingathekiso ngokuvamile ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezithombe, ezifana nokuguqulwa, ukuhlobisa, i-metonymy, nesifaniso.
a isingathekiso ingumhlobiso wenkulumo.
Noma ubani openda izithombe ngolimi wenza abalaleli babone ngezindlebe zabo. - Akwaziwa
Ulimi lwethu lwansuku zonke lugcwele isingathekiso esivame ukungaqapheli ukuthi: Ulethisi udubula esibhakabhakeni, uRoger uyayeka. iqhwa elincanyana njll
Siyini Isingathekiso | Incazelo isingathekiso:
Isingathekiso sithi isici singelinye iphuzu.
Isingathekiso siyisiqhathaniso esingaqondile.
Uma unayo i-analogue Uma uyethula cishe, kuzobonakala kuxakile (ingabe likhona imvu emnyama noma evamile ekhaya lakho?).
Izifaniso empeleni zisetshenziswa ezinkondlweni, emisebenzini yemibhalo futhi noma nini lapho umuntu ehluka olimini lwakubo Farben ungathanda ukwengeza.
Ibinzana noma umushwana ongukhiye wephuzu elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza elinye iphuzu lapho ufisa ukudalula noma ukuphakamisa ukuthi ayafana ngempela.
Into, umsebenzi, noma umbono osetshenziswa njengophawu lokunye into.
Ama-allegories awuhlobo olulodwa isingathekiso ulimi lwangaphandle, okubhekisela emagameni noma izinkulumo ezichaza into elandela incazelo yayo yezwi nezwi.
Endabeni yemifanekiso, ukuhlaziya kwangempela ngokuvamile bekuyoba ubuwula.
I-allegories ivela ezincwadini, ezinkondlweni, emculweni nasemsebenzini, kodwa nangolimi
Uma uzwa othile ethi “ukhuluma ngendlela engokomfanekiso,” kungase kusho ukuthi awukuthathi njengokwethembeka lokho akushilo. iqiniso, kodwa kufanele kubhekwe njengombono.
Ngokwesibonelo, kunjalo isikhathi kowamanqamu nangemva kwezivivinyo, abafundi babala izici ezinjengokuthi “Leso sivivinyo bekuwukubulala.”
Eqinisweni, kuyisilinganiso esifanele ukuthi basaphila uma ngempela basiza ukunikeza izibuyekezo mayelana nokuhlolwa.
Ngakho-ke, lokhu empeleni kuyisibonelo sokukhuluma ngendlela engokomfanekiso noma ngomfanekiso.
Ama-analogies angaba imishwana yakho ukuphila vusa (noma ngisho endabeni yokwahlulela, ukufa).
Ngokuvamile, ungasebenzisa kalula isifaniso ukuze wenze isihloko sakho siqondeke kakhulu kusivakashi noma wenze umqondo oyinkimbinkimbi uqonde kakhudlwana.
Bangase futhi babe usizo oluphawulekayo uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa indalo yakho kanye nemifanekiso.
Njengesifenqo esijwayelekile, izifaniso zivela yonke indawo, kusukela ezincwadini nasezincwadini ukuqopha mayelana Uhulumeni ukhuluma nezingoma ezidumile.
Uma zizinhle kakhulu, kunzima ukuzikhumbula.
Siyini Isingathekiso | Isingathekiso Esichazayo - Thatha izibonelo zesifaniso ezaziwayo:
“Yonke iplanethi iyisiteji, futhi bonke abesilisa nabesifazane balungile I-Spieler. Banezindawo zabo zokuphuma nezingenayo.” - William Shakespeare
“Unembeza ohlanzekile uyinkathi kaKhisimusi engaphazamiseki.” - Benjamin Franklin
"Awukabi yinja yokuzingela futhi uhlezi ukhala." - Elvis Presley
Isingathekiso sencazelo – isingathekiso ngokumelene nesifaniso
Nali icebiso:
Izifaniso ziyafana nezifaniso, kodwa izifaniso azizona izingathekiso.
Isifaniso siveza umehluko ngokusho ukuthi isici singokunye, kodwa isifaniso sokuthi into Menschen kufana nokunye.
Uma wenza umzamo, phakathi izingathekiso futhi izingathekiso Ukuze uzihlukanise, ungazibona kalula njengezifenqo zenkulumo ngenxa yokuqhathanisa okusobala kakhulu kwezingathekiso.
Bheka lezi izingathekiso bese upheqa lezi zimo ukuze uthole umbono wokuthi zisebenza kanjani:
Muhle njengeswitch.
Kufana nokudubula izinhlanzi emgqonyeni.
Empeleni inamantongomane njengekhekhe lesithelo.
Ama-troll afana no-anyanisi obomvu.
Siyini Isingathekiso | Incazelo yesingathekiso - izinhlobo ezahlukene zezingathekiso.
“Ngenxa yokuthi ukwenza izingathekiso ezinhle kusho ukukwazi ukubona ukufana.” - I-Aristotle
Imvume yokuhlehlisela emuva encazelweni ye-allegory njengesifenqo.
Esinye isibonelo yilesi esisheshayo Amanga "UyiLanga lami".
Ikakhulukazi akuyona imisebe yokukhanya, cishe futhi inomphumela okhuthazayo esipikheni.
Nokho, incazelo yalo mfanekiso ibanzi ngempela.
Ngokuvamile isifaniso empeleni sisetshenziswa ngokukhululekile ukuphakamisa uhlobo oluthile lwezimpawu.
Ziningi ngempela emisebenzini yemibhalo ezinye izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene yezifaniso: okuphinde kubhekiselwe kukho, kwamukelwe, kufile nokunye.
Isifaniso esingacacile
Ngokwezwi nezwi isincomo sibhalwe lapha:
Isingathekiso esinikeziwe sihlukile kufomula “UDing An ungokoqobo I-“Ding B” futhi ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ukuqhathanisa okusha nokucwengisisiwe kokuthi - ukuqagelile - imiphumela.
Lolu hlobo lwesingathekiso luvame ukutholakala kuzo zombili izingoma nezinkondlo.
Endabeni eyaziwa kakhulu evela kuShakespeare, u-Romeo uqhathanisa ne Liebe ngokukhanya kwelanga emigqeni eminingi yomkhiqizo.
Kodwa soft!
Yikuphi ukukhanya okuhlala ngefasitela ekhaya?
KuseMpumalanga futhi Liebe ukukhanya kwelanga!
Hamba phambili, ukukhanya kwelanga okuphaphathekile, ubulale onomona inyanga, ogulayo njengamanje futhi futhi enesizungu ngenxa yokwesaba.
“Ungukukhanya kwami kwelanga” uhlobo lwezindawo zokuhawukela.
Isifaniso esingaphili
Nawu umbono osohlwini:
Isifaniso esingaphili empeleni siyinkulumo evame kakhulu kangangokuthi izithombe zilahlekelwe amandla azo.
Izibonelo zezifaniso ezifile zifaka: "Ukuchaphaza okuvela kumakati nezilwane ezifuywayo," "lokho Baby “Lahla namanzi okugeza” kanye “nomphefumulo Wegolide”.
Ngomfanekiso omuhle ngempela, ophilayo uthola lokhu ezihlekisayo Okwesibili, uma ucabanga ukuthi bekungaba njani uma u-Elvis empeleni eculela inja yokuzingela (isibonelo).
Esinye isizathu sokugwema izingathekiso ezifile ukuthi akulula ukuzihlanganisa.
Ngezansi empeleni eyodwa umbono ohlwini:
Isifaniso esixubile yikho kanye okubonakala - ingxube yezingathekiso ezimbili ezingahlobene.
Kuhlanganiswe Izingathekiso zingahle zihlekise kube:
U-Fakir Berra omangalisayo empeleni wayedume “nge-Yogi-isms” yakhe, eyayivame ukufaka izingathekiso ezididayo ezisakwazi ukuthwebula isici sakhe kulo lonke:
UNapoleon naye wayenesango lakhe lamanzi
Ngezansi isiphakamiso:
Lapho udala umfanekiso wakho ngokoqobo, namathela ezimisweni eziqashelwa abantu ngabanye kodwa ungazihumushi ngokuzenzakalelayo komunye. bhekisa umuntu.
Siyini Isingathekiso | Isingathekiso sencazelo – nasi isibonelo esilula:
Empeleni kwakuwumkhosi wangempela endlini uma ucabangela umama wahamba egijima.
Ngeke neze uchaze indawo yakho njengomkhosi, kodwa lesi sigaba sisikisela ukuthi izici ziyingozi ngempela, zigcwele injabulo futhi kungenzeka ukuthi azihlelekile nomama ngaphandle.
Vera F. Birkenbihl ekucabangeni okuhlangene, inethiwekhi yolwazi kanye nesingathekiso esithi "umiyane noma igebe".
44 Isingathekiso: Ulimi Lwezithombe
Izingathekiso zifana namafasitela ezweni lemicabango nencazelo.
Ngokusebenzisa ulimi lwezithombe, zisivumela ukuthi sihumushe imibono nemibono engabonakali ibe yizinkulumo ezibambekayo, ezivame ukubunkondlo.
Das impilo iwuhambo.
Idolobha liyihlathi.
Amazwi akhe ayeyimicibisholo enhliziyweni yami.
Amehlo akhe ayeyizinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni.
Ingqondo iyisibani.
Ithemba liwukukhanya ekugcineni komhubhe.
Seine imicabango amafu adlulayo.
Izwi lakhe laliwumculo ezindlebeni zami.
Inhliziyo iyinqaba.
Ekuseni ukumamatheka kosuku.
Isikhathi sindiza njengomcibisholo.
Die Liebe ulwandle lwama roses.
Imibono yakhe iyimbewu yolwazi.
Ukuhleka kuwuhubo.
der inkathazo iyintabamlilo evuthayo.
Izinyembezi zakhe zaziwulwandle losizi.
Die Freundschaft liyingcebo.
Impilo iyindida.
Uthando lunye isihluthulelo senjabulo.
Ukwesaba kuyithunzi elimnyama.
Umhlaba uyisiteji.
Inhliziyo yakhe yenziwe ngegolide.
Isikhathi siyisela.
Unombono weqhwa.
Uthando luyiziqhumane enhliziyweni yami.
Idolobha liyihlathi.
Amazwi akhe ayeyimicibisholo enhliziyweni yami.
Amehlo akhe ayeyizinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni.
Ingqondo iyisibani.
Ithemba liwukukhanya ekugcineni komhubhe.
Imicabango yakhe ingamafu adlulayo.
Izwi lakhe laliwumculo ezindlebeni zami.
Inhliziyo iyinqaba.
Ekuseni ukumamatheka kosuku.
Isikhathi sindiza njengomcibisholo.
Uthando ulwandle lwama roses.
Imibono yakhe iyimbewu yolwazi.
Ukuhleka kuwuhubo.
Intukuthelo iyintaba-mlilo ebhavumulayo.
Izinyembezi zakhe zaziwulwandle losizi.
Ubungane buyingcebo.
Impilo iyindida.
Uthando luyisihluthulelo senjabulo.
Ukwesaba kuyithunzi elimnyama.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa | Izingathekiso FAQ
Yini isingathekiso?
Isingathekiso siwumfanekiso wesitayela olimini lapho igama elilodwa noma isisho sisetshenziswa ukwakha ukuxhumana okungokomfanekiso kwelinye igama noma umqondo. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukudlulisa umqondo noma incazelo ejulile.
Sisebenza kanjani isingathekiso?
Isingathekiso sisebenza ngokugqamisa ukufana noma ukufana phakathi kwezinto ezimbili ezahlukene. Ithatha indawo yokuqonda okungokoqobo ifake incazelo engokomfanekiso noma engokomfanekiso ukuze idlulisele umqondo ocace kakhudlwana noma ukuqonda okujulile.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesingathekiso nesifaniso?
Isingathekiso senza ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwezinto ezimbili njengokungathi ziyinto efanayo (isb., “Umhlaba yisiteji”). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isiqhathaniso sisebenzisa amagama anjengokuthi “thanda” noma “njengokungathi” ukuze kugcizelelwe ukufana kwezinto ezimbili (isib. “Ukuphila kufana nohambo”).
Kungani kusetshenziswa isingathekiso?
Izingathekiso zisetshenziswa ezincwadini nasekuphileni kwansuku zonke ukwenza imiqondo engacacile noma imizwa icace kakhudlwana. Ungenza imibono eyinkimbinkimbi futhi wenze umbhalo noma ukuxhumana kube lula.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ezahlukene zezingathekiso?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezingathekiso, okuhlanganisa nezingathekiso ezingokomfanekiso (isb. "Uyincwadi evaliwe"), izingathekiso zomqondo (isb. "Isikhathi siyimali") nezingathekiso ezingokomfanekiso (isb. "Izilwane ezisehlathini zifanekisela umphakathi wethu."
Zitholakala kuphi izingathekiso?
Izingathekiso zisabalele kakhulu ezincwadini, ezinkondlweni, ezinkulumweni, emazwini omculo nasekuxhumaneni kwansuku zonke. Zibuye zisetshenziswe ekukhangiseni, kwezobuciko nakwefilimu ukudlulisa imiyalezo noma ukuvusa imizwa.
Ingabe izingathekiso zingaqondwa kabi?
Yebo, isingathekiso singaqondwa kabi uma umfundi noma isilaleli singayiqapheli incazelo engokomfanekiso ehlosiwe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela umongo kanye nenhloso yesikhulumi noma umbhali.
Ingabe zikhona izibonelo ezidumile zezingathekiso ezincwadini?
Yebo, izincwadi eziningi ezidumile zinezingathekiso. Isibonelo esaziwayo ekaShakespeare ethi “All the world’s a stage” evela ku-As You Like It, lapho eqhathanisa umhlaba nesiteji.
Ingabe isingathekiso singaba yimpicabadala?
Yebo, izingathekiso zingase zibe nempicabadala ngoba ukuhumusha kwazo kuncike endleleni abheka ngayo umfundi noma umlaleli. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhumusheni okuhlukene futhi kudale ukujula kwemibhalo.
