Ngubani uBuddha? | UbuBhuda yinkolo enkulu yehlabathi

Igqityelwe ukuhlaziya ngoFebruwari 9, 2023 ngu URoger Kaufman

Ngubani uBuddha?

Igama elithi "Buddha" lithetha "umntu ophaphileyo".

UBuddha owayephila kwiminyaka engama-2.600 XNUMX ngaphambilana wayengengothixo.

Wayengumntu ophakathi ogama lakhe lingu USiddhartha Gautama, olwazi lwakhe oluphangaleleyo lwakhuthaza ihlabathi.
Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo waseTibetan kaShakyamuni UBuddha iyaphumla kwaye ikwachukumisa iplanethi.

FAQ uBuddha

Ngubani uBuddha?

UBuddha wayengomnye isithandi sobulumko, umngqibi, ukucamngca, umfundisi wokomoya kunye nenkokeli yenkolo eyazalelwa eLumbini, eNepal kwaye yahlala kwiIndiya yamandulo.

UBuddha asilogama kodwa sisihloko. Ligama lesiSanskrit elichaza "umntu ophaphileyo".

Ngamafutshane, iBuddhism iyalela ukuba uninzi lwethu luphila kwinkungu yeengcinga eziziswe ziingqikelelo ezingeyonyani kunye "nokungcoliswa" - intiyo, ukubawa, ukuswela ulwazi.

a UBuddha ngumntu ongenankungu. Kuthiwa xa u-Buddha esifa, akaphinda azalwe-kodwa ungena kulonwabo lolonwabo olungeyo "paradesi" kodwa buguqukile lobukho.

Kwiimeko ezininzi apho umntu uthi uBuddha, uhlala enxulumene nomntu wembali owaseka ubuBhuda.

Le yayiyindoda egama linguSiddhartha Gautama owayehlala kumantla eIndiya naseNepal malunga neenkulungwane ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu eyadlulayo.

Yintoni esiyiqondayo malunga noBuddha wembali? Ngubani uBuddha?

Abantu abaqhelisela ukucamngca phantsi koMthi weBodhi eBodhgaya, eIndiya.

Okuqhelekileyo imbali iqala ngokuzalwa kukaSiddhartha Gautama eLumbini, eNepal, malunga nowama-567 BC. Yayinguye uhlobo yokumkani obande ubunewunewu obukhuselweyo. Watshata waza waba nomntwana.

Inkosana yasebukhosini uSiddhartha wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithoba ubudala yonke intoxa ubomi bakhe batshintsha.

Xa wayekhwela kwinqwelo ngaphandle kwezindlu zasebukhosini, waqala wabona umntu ogulayo, emva koko wabona omnye Ilungile indoda, emva koko amasalela.

Oku kwamseza kwada kwesa kumongo wakhe; Waqonda ukuba ukuma kwakhe esikelelekileyo kwakungayi kumkhusela ekuguleni, ekukhuleni nasekufeni.

Xa wabona umgqatswa wokomoya - umngqibi "umntu ongcwele" - kwafuneka akhangele kuye ukuze athuthuzele.

Wabonakaliswa phantsi "komthi weBodhi" de waqonda ulwazi. Ukususela ngelo xesha ukuya phambili ngokuqinisekileyo uya kubizwa ngokuba nguBuddha.

Inkosana yasebukhosini wanika yakhe yelizwe impilo kwaye kwakhona waqalisa intshutshiso yokomoya.

Wafuna abaqeqeshi kwaye wohlwaya umzimba wakhe ngeendlela ze-spartan ezifana nokuzila okunzima, ixesha elide.

Kwakukholelwa ukuba isohlwayo somzimba yindlela yokomeleza umoya, esecaleni kwe Tod umnyango ukuya Cacile ifunyenwe.

Sekunjalo, emva kweminyaka emi-6, inkosana yasebukhosini yayiziva kuphela istres.

Ekugqibeleni waqonda ukuba indlela yokuthomalalisa ingqondo yayingobuchule bengqondo. Kwi Bodh Gaya, kwindawo ekhoyo ngoku i-Indian state yaseBihar, wabonakaliswa phantsi komthi we-ficus, "umthi we-Bodhi," de wadinwa okanye waqonda ulwazi.

Ukususela ngelo xesha ukuya phambili, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kubizwa ngokuba nguBuddha.

Watyala imali eseleyo Iilebhile ekuqeqesheni abantu ukuba baziqonde ngokwabo ulwazi.

Wanikela intetho yakhe yokuqala kwiSarnath yelo xesha, kufutshane neBenares, emva koko watyhutyha idolophu ngedolophu elanda abalandeli endleleni.

Waqalisa umyalelo wokuqala wabafazi benkolo yamaBhuda kunye neemonki, uninzi lwabo olwalungabafundisi ababalaseleyo.

Wasweleka malunga no 483 BC. EKushinagar kwindawo ngoku eyi-Uttar Pradesh kumantla eIndiya.

Ibali likaBuddha - ngubani uBuddha?

Imbali esemgangathweni ye Iilebhile IiBuddha zisenokungachaneki ngokwenyani. Asinayo ezahlukeneyo ezinokwenzekaukwazi oku ngokuqinisekileyo.

IziKronike ngokwazo heute badla ngokuvuma ukuba kukho uBuddha wembali awambona ngaxa lithile kwinkulungwane yesine ukuya kweyesithandathu ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo. waphila okanye wabonelelwa.

Kukholelwa ukuba ubuncinane ezinye zeentetho kwanemiyalelo erhoxisiweyo ebhalwe kwiiBhayibhile zamandulo yayingamazwi akhe, okanye into esondele kumazwi akhe.

Nangona kunjalo, oku kuxhalabisa abaphengululi abaninzi bembali baya kuhamba ngokuqinisekileyo.

Ngaba kwakukho abanye ooBuddha abahlukeneyo?

Kwi-Theravada Buddhism - eyona kholeji iphambili yase-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia - kukholelwa ukuba kukho uBuddha omnye kuphela ubudala boluntu.

Nabuphi na ubudala lixesha elide ngendlela engacingelekiyo ixesha.

UBuddha yena Gegenwart nguBuddha wethu wembali, uSiddhartha Gautama. Omnye umntu lowo Cacile ukuqonda kweli xesha akubizwa ngokuba nguBuddha.

Kunoko, i-arhat (isiSanskrit) okanye i-arahant (i-Pali) - "ifanelekile" okanye "iphuhlisiwe".

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-arhat kunye ne-buddha kukuba kuphela i-buddha engumfundisi wehlabathi ovulelwe bonke abanye.

IiBhayibhile zamandulo zikhankanya ezinye ezahlukahlukeneyo Buddha, owahlala kumaxesha angaphambili ngendlela engenakucingeleka.

Kukwakho noMaitreya, uBuddha wexesha elizayo, oya kuvela ngokuqinisekileyo xa zonke iinkumbulo zabacebisi bakaBuddha zilahlekile ngokwenene.

Kukho ezinye iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zobuBhuda, Mahayana nokwabizwa ngokuba yiVajrayana, yaye olu qheliselo aluzange luthintele iindidi ngeendidi zooBuddha ababenokubakho. Nangona kunjalo, kwiingcali zombini zaseMahayana kunye neVajrayana Buddhism, kufanelekile ukuba yi-bodhisattva ethembisa ukuhlala kwiplanethi de zonke izidalwa zaziswe.

Ngubani uBuddha - yintoni exhalabisa uBuddha kubugcisa bukaBuddha

Kukho uluhlu olubanzi lweeBuddha, ngakumbi kwiiBhayibhile zaseMahayana kunye neVajrayana kunye nobugcisa. Zimele izinto zolwazi kwaye zikwamele okwangaphakathi kwethu Indalo.

Ezinye zeeBuddha ezaziwa kakhulu okanye ezidlulayo zibandakanya amitabha, uBuddha wokukhanya okungapheliyo; Bhaiṣajyaguru, uBuddha weyeza, omele amandla okuchacha; kunye noVairocana, uBuddha wehlabathi okanye wangaphambili, omele inyaniso epheleleyo.

Indlela ekusekwe ngayo iiBuddhas ukongezelela ukwabelana ngeenkcazo ezithile.

Umntu ongenaboya, otyebileyo, ogigithekayo abathi abantu abaninzi baseNtshona baphazame ngoBuddha ngumfanekiso wentsomi yaseTshayina yenkulungwane ye-10. Igama lakhe nguBudai iTshayina okanye iHotei eJapan.

Umele uvuyo kwakunye nobutyebi, ungumlondolozi wabantwana kwanabo bangaphilanga kwanabo babuthathaka. Kwamanye amabali kuxoxwa ngawo njengokuphuma kukaMaitreya, uBuddha wexesha elizayo.

Ngubani uBuddha kwaye amaBhuda ayathandaza?

UBuddha wayengengothixo, kwaye abantu abaninzi abadumileyo kubugcisa bamaBhuda abameli abantu abafana nothixo, oya kuthi ngokuqinisekileyo ubathande xa ubadumisa.

UBuddha wabonwa njengento ebalulekileyo kuloo nto umthandazo ekhethiweyo. KwiBhayibhile (Sigalovada Sutta, Digha Nikaya 31) wafumana indlela a Junge uthathe inxaxheba kwindlela yomthandazo weVedic.

UBuddha wamxelela ukuba kubaluleke ngakumbi ukulawula ngendlela enoxanduva, neyokuziphatha lebenukuthandaza njengayo nantoni na.

Unokucinga ngomthandazo xa ubona amaBhuda esamkela imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kaBuddha, kodwa kukho enye into eyenzekayo.

Kwamanye amaziko amaBhuda, ukuqubuda kunye neminikelo yimbonakaliso ebonakalayo yokuthambekela kobomi bokuzicingela, ubomi bokuzingca, kunye nokuzinikela ekuqheliseleni uqeqesho lukaBuddha.

Wafundisa ntoni uBuddha?

Njengoko uBuddha Cacile ukongeza, waqonda enye into: into awayeza kuyibona ngokuqinisekileyo yayingamava aqhelekileyo kwindawo evulekileyo kude kube ngoku, engenakucaciswa ngokupheleleyo.

Kunokuba aqeqeshe abantu into amabacinge ngayo, wabaqeqeshela ukwazi ngokwalo ulwazi.

Umcebisi osisiseko weBuddhism ziiNqobo ezi-4 eziNoble.

Ngokukhawuleza, inyaniso yokuqala isixelela ukuba oku impilo yi dukkha, igama elingangeni kakuhle esiNgesini.

Ngokuqhelekileyo iguqulelwa njenge 'imbandezelo', kodwa ikwacebisa 'nzima' kwaye 'ayinakukwazi ukukholisa'.

Inyaniso yesi-2 isixelela ukuba i-dukkha inesizathu. Unobangela okhawulezileyo kukunqwenela, kwaye ukulangazelela kuvela kubuntu bethu iqiniso asiqondi kwaye asizazi thina.

Ngenxa yokuba sizitolika ngendlela engeyiyo, sizaliswe luxinezeleko namaxhala kwakunye nokuphoxeka.

thina amava ukuhlala ngokukhululekileyo, ngendlela engcolileyo.

Ukuba thina Amanqaku Omnqweno Wobomi ukudlula apho sicinga ukuba kuya kusanelisa ngokuqinisekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, sifumana ukwaneliseka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye emva koko uxinzelelo kunye nokuxhalaba kunye nokulangazelela kuqala kwakhona.

Siyasibona isizathu se-dukkha kwaye sikhuphe uxinzelelo kunye nexhala kunye nokulangazelela kwivili le-hamster.

Bhuda kuphela Izimvo Ukucinga, nangona kunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo akuyi kugqibezela oku.

inkululeko kuxhomekeke ekuqondeni komntu kwi-resource dukkha.

Ulangazelelo ngokuqinisekileyo aluyi kuyeka de uqonde ukuba yintoni ebangela oko.

Inyani yesi-4 isixelela ukuba ukuqonda kuza ngendlela yeSifundo esiNgcombolo sesiBhozo.

Ikhosi yeSibhozo inokucaciswa njengesishwankathelo seendlela ezi-8-ezibandakanya ukucinga, ukucinga kunye nokuphila ubomi bokuziphatha obunceda abanye - oko kuya kusinceda ukuba siphile ngcono. ukuphila ubomi kunye nolwazi malunga ulwazi lwasekhaya.

Abantu bacinga ukuba ukwaziswa ngalo lonke ixesha glucklich ukuba, kodwa akunjalo imeko.

Ukufunyanwa kolwazi akusoloko kusenzeka ngaxeshanye. Okona kubalulekileyo, ulwazi luchazwa ngendlela yokuba lucingisise nzulu ngobunyani bezibakala kwanasethu.

Ulwazi lukwabizwa ngokuba yindalo kaBuddha, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo bonke abantu baseVajrayana naseMahayana Buddhism.

Enye indlela yokwazi oku kukuqaphela ukuba ulwazi lwe UBuddha ihlala ikhona nokuba siyayazi okanye asiyazi.

Emva koko, ulwazi alukho umgangatho ophezulu, abanye abantu banayo kwaye ngokunjalo nabanye.

Ukuqonda ulwazi kuthetha ukuqonda into yangoku. Yiloo nto nje uninzi lwethu kwi Inkungu xoka kwaye andikuboni.

Ngaba kukho isibhalo samaBhuda?

Hayi ncam. Kwelinye icala, inani leedyunivesithi kunye neenkolo zisebenzisa i inkolo yakwaBudda azilulo lonke uludwe lweBhayibhile olululo.

Umyalezo ohlonitshwayo kwenye ikholeji awunakuchongwa kwenye.

Okulunge ngakumbi, iiBhayibhile zamaBhuda ngamagama atyhiliweyo kathixo, afanele amkelwe ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo.

UBuddha wasibonisa ukuba asikho Mentor ukugunyazisa igunya kuphela, kodwa sizihlolele ngokwethu.

Iisutra ezininzi, kunye neminye imiyalezo eyahlukeneyo, zikhona ukuze zisikhokele, zingasifundisi.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ubuBhuda ayisiyonto ocinga ngayo, kodwa yinto oyenzayo.

Yikhosi yobuchule bomntu ngamnye kunye nokuhlola komntu ngamnye.

Abantu baye bawela kule khosi kangangeenkulungwane ezingama-25 kwaye ngoku kukho imiyalelo emininzi, iimpawu kunye nezikhonkwane. Ukongezelela kwiiBhayibhile ezininzi ezintle, kukho abaqeqeshi nabahlohli.

UBuddha-Amazwi obulumko (Audiobook)

umthombo: Imfundiso kaBuddha