Yakapedzisira kugadziridzwa muna Kukadzi 9, 2023 na Roger Kaufman
Buddha ndiani?
"Buddha" zvinoreva "munhu akamuka".
Bhudha akararama makore 2.600 XNUMX akanga apfuura akanga asiri mwari.
Aive munhuwo zvake ainzi siddhartha gautama, ane kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwakakurudzira pasi rose.
Chivezwa cheTibetan cheShakyamuni Buddha inozorora uye inobatawo pasi.
FAQ Buddha
Ndiani aiva Buddha?
Buddha, anozivikanwawo saSiddhartha Gautama, aive mudzidzisi wezvemweya uye muvambi weBuddhism. Akagara muIndia makore 2500 apfuura uye akawana kujekerwa pasi pemuonde.
Shoko rokuti "Buddha" rinorevei?
Izwi rokuti "Buddha" rinobva kuSanskrit uye rinoreva "iye akamutswa". Rinoreva mumwe munhu akaziva chokwadi pamusoro pezvakaita upenyu nechisiko chapose pose.
Buddha akadzidzisei?
Buddha akadzidzisa kuti kutambura rutivi rusingadzivisiki rwoupenyu hwomunhu, asi kuti kunobvira kukurira kutambura ikoko ndokusvika pamugariro worugare nomufarwa. Izvi zvinowanikwa nekukunda kuchiva nekusaziva uye kukudziridza huchenjeri netsitsi.
Munhu anova sei Buddha?
Maererano neBuddhism, munhu wese anokwanisa kuve Buddha nekutevera nzira yekuvhenekerwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira tsika yekufungisisa, maitiro ehunhu, uye kukura kwehuchenjeri netsitsi.
Chii chiri donzo roupenyu muchiBuddha?
Chinangwa chokurarama muchiBuddha ndechokukunda kutambura uye kuwana kujekerwa kwakazara kuti tirarame murunyararo nerufaro.
Ndezvipi zvokwadi ina dzakanaka?
Iwo Mano Echokwadi Akanaka ndiwo hwaro hweBuddhism uye anosanganisira chokwadi pamusoro pekutambudzika, zvikonzero zvako, kukurira kwayo uye nzira yekukunda.
Ndezvipi zvipingamupinyi zvishanu?
Zvipingamupinyi Zvishanu ndizvo zvinhu zvishanu zvinogona kukanganisa kufambira mberi munzira yekuvhenekerwa: ruchiva, ruvengo, kuvhiringidzika, kupokana, uye kuzvikudza.
Buddha ndiani?
Bhudha aive mumwe muzivi, mupemhi, mufungidziri, mudzidzisi wezvemweya pamwe nemutungamiriri wechitendero akaberekerwa muLumbini, Nepal uye akagara muIndia yekare.
Buddha harisi zita asi zita. Iri izwi rechiSanskrit rinotsanangura "munhu akamuka".
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, Buddhism inoraira kuti vazhinji vedu tinogara muhunyoro hwekufungidzira kunogadzirwa nefungidziro dzenhema uye zvakare "kusvibiswa" - Hondo, makaro, kushaya zivo.
munhu Buddha ndiye asina mhute. Zvinonzi kana Buddha afa, haaberekwi patsva - asi anopinda murunyararo rwemufaro usiri "paradhiso" asi chimiro chekuvapo chakachinjwa.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda apo munhu anoti Buddha, inoramba iri maererano nemunhu wezvakaitika kare akavamba Buddhism.
Uyu aive murume ainzi Siddhartha Gautama aigara kuchamhembe kweIndia neNepal makore makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura.
Chii chatinonzwisisa nezvenhoroondo yeBuddha? Buddha ndiani?
Vanhu vari kudzidzira kufungisisa pasi peMuti weBodhi muBodhgaya, India.
Zvakajairika nhoroondo inotanga nekuzvarwa kwaSiddhartha Gautama muLumbini, Nepal, makore akapoteredza 567 BC. Akanga ari iye mhando yamambo ane umbozha hwaidzivirirwa hwaiwedzera. Akaroora akaita mwana.
Muchinda wehumambo Siddhartha aive nemakore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe chinhu choseapo upenyu hwake hwakachinja.
Ari mungoro ari kunze kwedzimba dzake dzeumambo, akatanga kuona munhu airwara, ndokuzotevera mumwe yekare murume, pashure paizvozvo vakasara.
Izvi zvakamunwisa kusvika pamwoyo pake; Akaziva kuti kumira kwake kwakakomborerwa kwaisazomudzivirira pachirwere, kukura, uye rufu.
Paakaona mukwikwidzi womudzimu—mupemhi “munhu mutsvene”—aifanira kutarira kwaari nokuda kwenyaradzo.
Akaratidzwa pasi pe "muti weBodhi" kusvikira aona ruzivo. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi aizodaidzwa kuti Buddha.
Muchinda wamambo akapa zvake zvekunyika Leben kumusoro uye zvakare akatanga kutambudzwa pamweya.
Akatsvaga varairidzi uye akaranga muviri wake nenzira dzespartan senge inorema, yekutsanya kwenguva refu.
Zvaitendwa kuti kurangwa kwemuviri ndiyo nzira yekusimbisa mweya, iyo iri pedyo ne Tod gonhi rekuti Kujeka zvawanikwa.
Zvakadaro, mushure memakore matanhatu, muchinda wehumambo aingonzwa chete kushushikana.
Akazonzwisisa kuti nzira yekudzikama yaive nehunyanzvi hwepfungwa. In Bodh Gaya, mune zvino yava nyika yeIndia yeBihar, akaratidzirwa pasi pemuti weficus, "Bodhi tree," kusvikira aneta kana kuziva ruzivo.
Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, aizonzi Buddha zvechokwadi.
Akaisa imwe yake hupenyu mukudzidziswa kwevanhu kuti vanzwisise ivo pachavo.
Akapa hurukuro yake yokutanga muSarnath yapanguva iyeyo, pedyo neBenares, uye ipapo akafamba muguta neguta achitora vateveri munzira.
Akatanga hurongwa hwekutanga hwevakadzi vechitendero chechiBuddha nemamongi, vazhinji vavo vaivewo vadzidzisi vakanaka.
Akafa makore akapoteredza 483 BC. MuKushinagar mune zvino yava nyika yeUttar Pradesh kuchamhembe kweIndia.
Nyaya yaBuddha - Ndiani Buddha?
The standard history of hupenyu MaBuddha anogona kunge asiri echokwadi. Isu hatina mukana wakasiyanakuziva izvi zvechokwadi.
Makoronike ndiwo pachawo Heute kazhinji vanobvuma kuti paiva naBuddha wenhoroondo waakaona imwe nguva muzana remakore rechina kusvika rechitanhatu B.C. akararama kana kupa.
Zvinodavirwa kuti dzinenge dzimwe dzehurukuro uye kunyange mirairidzo yakabviswa yakanyorwa mumaBhaibheri okutanga-tanga mashoko ake, kana kuti chimwe chinhu chiri pedyo namashoko ake.
Nekudaro, izvi zvine chekuita nenyanzvi dzakawanda dzenhoroondo dzichaenda zvechokwadi.
Kwaive nemamwe maBuddha akasiyana here?
MuTheravada Buddhism - koreji inotungamira yeSoutheast Asia - zvinotendwa kuti kune Buddha mumwechete pazera revanhu.
Chero zera inguva refu zvisingafungidzirwe Edza.
Iyo Buddha kuvapo ndiye Buddha wedu wenhoroondo, Siddhartha Gautama. Mumwe munhu uyo Kujeka kunzwisisa munguva ino hakunzi Buddha.
Asi, iye ari arhat (Sanskrit) kana arahant (Pali) - "akakodzera" kana "akagadziridzwa".
Musiyano mukuru pakati pearhat neBuddha ndewekuti bhudha chete ndiye mudzidzisi wepasi rose akavhurwa kune vamwe vese.
MaBhaibheri ekare anotaura mamwe akasiyana Buddha, avo vakaramba vari munguva isingafungidziki kwenguva refu yapfuura.
Kunewo Maitreya, Buddha womunguva yemberi, uyo achabuda zvamazvirokwazvo apo ndangariro dzose dzevaraidzi vedu vaBuddha dzinorasika chaizvoizvo.
Kune mamwe akasiyana akakosha maitiro eBuddhism, Mahayana uye inonziwo Vajrayana, uye miitiro iyi haina kudzikamisa zvakasiyana-siyana zveBuddha aigona kuvapo. Nekudaro, kune nyanzvi dzeMahayana neVajrayana Buddhism, zvakafanira kuve bodhisattva anovimbisa kuramba ari panyika kusvika zvisikwa zvese zvaziviswa.
Ndiani Buddha - chii chinonetsa maBuddha muBuddhist art
Kune huwandu hwakawanda hwemaBuddha, kunyanya muMahayana neVajrayana maBhaibheri nehunyanzvi. Zvinomiririra zvinhu zveruzivo uye zvakare zvinomiririra zvedu zvemukati-kati Zvisikwa.
Mamwe emamwe anozivikanwa zvirinani anozivikanwa kana anodarika maBuddha anosanganisira amitabha, Buddha wechiedza chisingagumi; Bhaiṣajyaguru, Mushonga Buddha, anomiririra simba rekupora; uye Vairocana, Buddha wepasirese kana prehistoric, anomiririra chokwadi chakakwana.
Nzira iyo maBuddha anogadzwa nayo inogoverawo tsananguro dzakati.
Murume asina vhudzi, akarembera, anoseka uyo akati wandei vekuMadokero vanokanganisa nekuda kweBuddha chimiro kubva muzana ramakore regumi rengano dzeChinese. Zita rake anonzi Budai in China kana kuti Hotei muJapan.
Anomiririra mufaro pamwe chete nepfuma, muchengeti wevana uyewo wevasingagari zvakanaka uyewo wevasina simba. Mune dzimwe nhoroondo anokurukurwa sekubuda kwaMaitreya, Buddha weramangwana.
Buddha ndiani uye vaBuddha vanonamata here?
Bhudha akanga asiri mwari, uye vanhu vakawanda vane mukurumbira muunyanzvi hwechiBuddha havamiriri vanhu vakaita samwari, vauchafarira kana uchivarumbidza.
Buddha akaonekwa seakakosha kune izvozvo munamato yakatarwa. MuBhaibheri (Sigalovada Sutta, Digha Nikaya 31) akawana sei a Junge akatora chikamu muVedic munamato nzira.
Bhudha akamuudza kuti zvaive zvakakosha kutungamira nenzira ine mutoro, ine tsika lebenkunyengetera sechinhu chipi nechipi.
Unogona kufunga nezvemunamato paunoona vaBuddha vachigamuchira mifananidzo yaBuddha, asi pane chimwe chinhu chiri kuitika.
Mune mamwe masangano echiBhudha, kupfugama uye zvipiriso chiratidzo chemuviri chekuzvitsvakira, hupenyu hwekuzvifunga, uye kuzvipira kuita dzidziso dzaBuddha.
Buddha akadzidzisei?
Sezvo Buddha Kujeka uyezve, akaziva chimwe chinhu: chaaizonyatsoona chaive chiitiko chakajairika mumhepo chakavhurika icho chaisagona kujekeswa zvizere kusvika zvino.
Kusiyana nokudzidzisa vanhu zvokufunga, akavadzidzisa kuziva zivo pachayo.
Iwo mudzidzisi wekutanga weBuddhism ndiwo mana Akanaka Chokwadi.
Nekukurumidza, chokwadi chekutanga chinotizivisa izvi Leben is dukkha, izwi risingaenderani zvakanaka muChirungu.
Inowanzo kushandurwa se'kutambura', asi zvakare inoratidza 'yakaoma' uye zvakare 'kutadza kufadza'.
Chokwadi chechipiri chinotizivisa kuti dukkha ine chikonzero. Chikonzero chiriporipo kuda, uye kuda kunobva pakuva kwedu chokwadi hatinzwisise uye hatizvizivi isu pachedu.
Nekuda kwekuti isu tinozvidudzira zvisizvo, tinozadzwa nekushushikana uye kufunganya pamwe nekuodzwa mwoyo.
isu ruzivo kurarama nenzira yakapfava, yakaonda.
Kana isu Hupenyu Chishuwo Mapoinzi kupinda nekwatinofungidzira kuti zvechokwadi kunotigutsa.
Nekudaro, isu tinongowana kugutsikana nekukurumidza, uye mushure meizvozvo kushushikana uye kunetseka uye kushuva zvinotanga zvakare.
Isu tinogona kuona chikonzero che dukkha uye zvakare kubvisa kushushikana uye kusagadzikana uye zvakare kushuva kubva kune hamster vhiri.
Bhudha chete Pfungwa tichifunga, zvisinei, hazvizopedze izvi.
rusununguko zvinoenderana nekunzwisisa kwemunhu kune resource dukkha.
Kushuva zvirokwazvo hakuzoregi kutozosvikira wanzwisisa wega kuti chii chinokuchidzira.
Chokwadi chechina chinotizivisa kuti kunzwisisa kunouya kuburikidza nenzira yeNoble Eightfold Course.
Iyo Eightfold Course inogona kujekeswa sechidimbu chemhando 8 dzenzira - dzinosanganisira kufungisisa, kufunga uye kurarama hupenyu hwehunhu hunobatsira vamwe - izvo zvichatibatsira kuti tirarame zviri nani. kutungamira hupenyu uye zvakare ruzivo nezve gadzira ruzivo.
Vanhu vanofunga kuti kuziviswa nguva dzose glucklich kuva, asi handiyo mamiriro acho.
Kuwana zivo hakuitike nguva dzose panguva imwe chete. Pakunyanyisa, zivo inotsanangurwa nenzira yokuti inonyatsofunga nezvechokwadi-chimiro chechokwadi uye isu pachedu.
Zivo inonziwo Buddha chimiro, chinova chimiro chakakosha chezvisikwa zvese muVajrayana neMahayana Buddhism.
Imwe nzira yekuziva izvi ndeyekuziva kuti ruzivo rwe Buddha zvinogara zviripo kunyangwe tichizviziva kana kuti kwete.
Mushure meizvozvo, ruzivo haruna mhando yepamusoro, iyo vamwe vanhu vanazvo uye havanawo vamwe.
Kunzwisisa ruzivo kunoreva kuziva zviri kuitika. Ndizvo chete kuti vazhinji vedu tiri mu mhute kunyepa uye haugone kuzvionawo.
Pane rugwaro rwechiBhudha here?
Kwete chaizvo. Kune rimwe divi, akati wandei emayunivhesiti uye machechi anoshandisa iyo ChiBhudha hadzisi dzese ndaza imwe chete chaiyo yemaBhaibheri.
Mharidzo inoremekedzwa neimwe koreji inogona kusazivikanwa mune imwe.
Zviri nani, maBhaibheri echiBuddha mashoko akafumurwa amwari, anofanira kutenderwa pasina kupokana.
Bhudha akatiratidza kuti hatidaro wemazano kupa mvumo kune chiremera chete, asi kuti tizviongorore isu pachedu.
Iwo akawanda sutras, pamwe nemamwe akasiyana meseji, aripo kuti atitungamirire, kwete kutidzidzisa isu.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti Buddhism hachisi chinhu chaunofunga, asi chimwe chinhu chaunoita.
Iyo ikosi yezvose zviri zviviri tekiniki yemunhu uye kuongorora kwemunhu.
Vanhu vakanyatsoyambuka kosi iyi kwemazana makumi maviri nemashanu uye iko zvino kune mirairo yakawanda, zvikwangwani uye mapegi. Kuwedzera kumaBhaibheri akawanda anoyevedza, kunewo varairidzi nevarayiridzi.
Buddha - Mazwi eUchenjeri (Audiobook)
mabviro: Dzidziso yaBuddha
