Zasinthidwa komaliza pa Okutobala 10, 2023 ndi Roger Kaufman
Farben zitha kuzindikirika m'njira zosiyanasiyana komanso kukhala ndi matanthauzo ndi zotulukapo zosiyanasiyana pa ife. Chinsinsi cha mitundu ndikuti sichimangowoneka kokha, komanso chimakhala ndi maganizo ndi maganizo.
Mwachitsanzo, mitundu imatha kudzutsa malingaliro ndi malingaliro. Chofiira nthawi zambiri chimadziwika ngati chokonda komanso champhamvu, pomwe buluu amadziwika kuti ndi wodekha komanso wopumula. Yellow imatha kuwonetsa chisangalalo ndi chiyembekezo, pomwe zobiriwira zimawonedwa ngati zotsitsimula komanso zokhazikika. Zotsatirazi sizichitika konsekonse komanso zimatha kutengera chikhalidwe.
Mitundu imakhalanso ndi ntchito zothandiza, monga pa malonda ndi malonda. Mitundu ina nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mitundu ndi zinthu zina kuti zikhudze malingaliro ndi chithunzi. Mwachitsanzo, logo ya McDonald ndi yachikasu komanso yofiira kuti ikope chidwi ndi chidwi.
M'chilengedwe, mitundu nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ntchito yofunikira, monga kubisala kapena chenjezo. Zinyama ndi zomera zina zimakhala ndi mitundu yomwe imaziteteza ku zilombo kapena kusonyeza kuti zili ndi poizoni.
Chinsinsi cha mitundu chagona pa kusiyanasiyana kwake komanso kuthekera kwake kutikhudza ife ndi chilengedwe chathu m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Chilichonse chamoyo chimayesetsa mtundu - Goethe
Chinsinsi cha Colours Documentary ㊙️ | Mitundu l1 l2 l3
Chinsinsi cha mtundu - Kukongola kwa mitundu m'chilengedwe kumangowoneka ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa: mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatuluka pamene kuwala kugawanika.
Ngati kuwala kwa dzuŵa kuphulika pa dontho la mvula, chozizwitsa chamitundumitundu cha utawaleza chimapangidwa. Palibe mtundu womwe umangochitika mwachisawawa - osati masamba obiriwira, osati ofiira amagazi, osati danga lakuda ndi loyera.
Filimuyi ikuwonetsa kulemera kwakukulu kwa mtundu wathu chikhalidwe kuyambira kutuluka kwa dzuwa mpaka kuwala kwa mtundu wa chomeracho kumatulutsa maluwa mpaka kusinthika kwamtundu wa malawi, komwe kumadziwika kwambiri panthawi yokweretsa.
Monty Christal
Chinsinsi cha Chilengedwe Chamitundu ♾️ | Mitundu l1 l2 l3
Zokongola magulu a nyenyezi ochokera ku NASA amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi, koma mitundu yowala imachokera kuti? FOCUS Online anafunsa katswiri wina ndipo akuwunikira chinsinsi cha mtundu wa nyenyezi zakuthambo.
Ganizirani Paintaneti
Chinsinsi cha mtundu m'chilengedwe 🌌 | Mitundu l1 l2 l3
Chinsinsi cha mtundu wofiira 🍎 | Mitundu l1 l2 l3
Kuyambira ndi hue wofiira ndi koyenera monga zikuwoneka kuti ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yokondedwa kwambiri kumbuyo.
Ndiwotheka kuti ndi imodzi mwamithunzi yomwe imafufuzidwa mwachangu kwambiri m'gululi ndipo ngakhale detayo ndi yosakhazikika imakhulupirira kuti ndi mtundu womwe umakhudza kwambiri miyoyo yathu.
Chitsanzo chachikhalidwe cha momwe zofiira zingakhudzire zizolowezi zathu ndizochitika zamasewera.
Makamaka, ngati muyang'ana osewera mpira waku UK kuyambira Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, magulu omwe adagwiritsa ntchito zofiira pamasewera achita bwino kuposa momwe ayenera.
Kafukufuku wofananira wachitika pa Masewera a Olimpiki komanso masewera ankhondo ndi zotsatira zofananira.
Chimodzi mwa zoyamba zofiira zofiira zimatchedwa hematite ndipo amachokera ku mchere iron oxide - dzimbiri kwenikweni.
Ndilofala kwambiri padziko lapansi komanso padziko lonse lapansi.
Ndizofala kwambiri kotero kuti katswiri wina wa chikhalidwe cha anthu adanena kuti zonse zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse ndi kupanga zida komanso kugwiritsa ntchito hematite red.
Komabe, hematite pamapeto pake idakhudzidwa ndi mafashoni anthu kutsata zopepuka zamitundu yofiira.
Zojambula ndi mtundu wina wofiira womwe umachokera ku tizilombo tomwe tili ndi dzina lomweli.
Kawirikawiri amapezeka ku South ndi Central America, ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu a Aztec ndi Incan.
Zinatengera pafupifupi 70.000 mwa tizilomboti kuti tipeze mapaundi owonjezera a utoto wamtundu wa cochineal.
Izi pigment zidzatero heute amagwiritsidwabe ntchito pazakudya komanso zodzoladzola pansi pa chizindikiro cha E120, kutanthauza kuti pali mwayi woti yoghuti yanu ya sitiroberi idapangidwa kuchokera ku tizilombo!
Chinsinsi cha utoto wofiirira 💜 | Mitundu l1 l2 l3
Kwa nthawi yaitali anthu akhala akugwirizana ndi mthunzi wofiirira ndi anthu apamwamba. Izi zimakhala choncho makamaka mukayang'ana chiyambi cha mtundu wotchedwa Tyrian Purple.
olemekezeka https://t.co/MyXcd32nSY- Roger Kaufman (@chairos) January 14, 2021
Amachokera kumadera awiri a nkhono zomwe zimapezeka m'dera la Mediterranean, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi gland yotuwa m'thupi lawo.
Chiwalochi chikafinyidwa kapena kufinyidwa, chimatulutsa dontho limodzi lamadzi omveka bwino, onunkhira adyo, omwe akakhala pakhungu. kuwala kwa dzuwa zimawonekera, zimasintha kuchokera ku zobiriwira kupita ku buluu ndiyeno kukhala wofiirira kwambiri wofiirira.
Pankafunika nkhono 250.000 kuti apange penti imodzi, ndipo nkhonozo anazilondolanso mpaka kumapeto.
Utoto uwu unali wotchuka ku Dziko Lonse Lakale, ndipo chifukwa chakuti unali wokwera mtengo komanso wovuta kuupeza, nthawi yomweyo unkagwirizanitsidwa ndi mphamvu ndi olemekezeka.
Panalinso malamulo amene ankasonyeza kuti ndi ndani amene angachite kapena kusakhala pamthunzi.
Pali nkhani yodziwika bwino yomwe Mfumu Nero adachita nawo konsati ndipo adazindikira mayi wina wamtundu wa Tyrian Purple. Iye anali wa kalasi yolakwika, kotero iye anamugula iye kunja kwa chipindacho, namkwapula ndi kutenga malo ake chifukwa iye ankawona zovala zake monga mchitidwe wolanda mphamvu zake.
kufa Mtundu Wofiirira potsirizira pake anatsika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa nkhono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto, komanso chipwirikiti cha ndale m'chigawo cha Mediterranean kumene chinapangidwira.
Sipanali mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19 pomwe utoto wofiirira unabwereranso m'mafashoni pambuyo potulukira mwangozi. A wamng'ono Wasayansi wina dzina lake William Henry Perkin anayesa kupanga masinthidwe opangidwa ndi quinine (amene anagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi malungo).
Poyesa kupanga quinine wopangira, wofufuzayo adapanga mwangozi matope amtundu wofiirira. M’malo motaya kuchuluka kwa ntchitoyo, anawonjezerapo pang’ono madzi naviikamonso chopukutira.
Anamaliza mwangozi kupeza colorfast synthetic utoto wofiirira otukuka.
Izi zinayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu pakupanga utoto wopangidwa womwe sunayenera kupha masauzande ambiri a nsikidzi kapena nkhono.
Chinsinsi cha mtundu wobiriwira 📗 | Mitundu l1 l2 l3
Ngakhale kuti zobiriwira zili paliponse m'chilengedwe, kupanga utoto wobiriwira kwakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Mu 1775, wofufuza wina wa ku Sweden, dzina lake Wilhelm Scheele, anapanga mtundu winawake wa mtundu umene anautcha kuti wobiriwira wa Scheele.
Panali msika waukulu wa pigment ndipo chifukwa unali wotsika mtengo, unkagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse mu nsalu, mapepala apamwamba, maluwa opangira, ndi zina zotero.
Mtundu wobiriwira wa eco-friendly uyu unachokera ku copper arsenite yomwe imakhala yowopsa kwambiri - chidutswa cha pepala lobiriwira la Scheele chomwe chili ndi mainchesi angapo chinali ndi arsenic yokwanira kuthetsa akulu awiri.
Zamveka kuti Scheele yemwe ankafuna kutchuka kwambiri angakhale Napoleon. Mtsogoleri waku France anali ndi zida zambiri za arsenic m'dongosolo lake atamwalira.
Ngakhale izi, zitsanzo za tsitsi pambuyo pa imfa yake zimasonyeza kuti anali ndi zonse Leben kuchuluka kwa arsenic m'magazi ake.
Ngakhale zojambula zake zobiriwira mwina sizinamuchotseretu, sizikadakhala zabwino paumoyo wake wonse.
Mphamvu ya utawaleza 🍭 | Mitundu l1 l2 l3
Kodi mitunduyo imapangidwa bwanji mu utawaleza? N'chifukwa chiyani ndi arch konse ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani simungathe kuziwona masana m'chilimwe? Timalongosola muvidiyoyi ndikuwonetsanso zomwe mphika wa golidi womwe uli pansi pa utawaleza umanena.
Nyengo Pa intaneti
Kodi utawaleza umapangidwa bwanji? 🌈 | Mitundu l1 l2 l3
Chinsinsi cha mtundu wa buluu 🔵 | Mitundu l1 l2 l3
Buluu ndi umodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi, koma mpaka zaka za zana la 14 sizinali zamtengo wapatali.
Pokhapokha ndi kuwuka kwa Chikristu ndi chipembedzo cha Namwali Mariya pomwe buluu idakhala chikhalidwe Kumadzulo.
Panthawiyi, Namwali Mariya adakhala chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri chachikhristu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa atavala zosambira zabuluu.
Mthunzi wa buluu pamapeto pake unagwirizana ndi Mary ndipo unakhala wotchuka.
Zovala za Mary nthawi zambiri zinkakhala ndi utoto wabuluu wotchedwa ultramarine.
Ultramarine amapangidwa kuchokera ku mwala wamtengo wapatali wotchedwa lapis lazuli, womwe umapezeka makamaka m'migodi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Afghanistan.
Ultramarine ndi buluu wowoneka bwino wakuda kwambiri womwe umafanana ndi thambo lausiku.
M'madera amakono ife nthawi zambiri timakonda kuganiza za buluu monga zokhudzana ndi ana komanso kuganizira pinki monga kugwirizana ndi akazi.
Komabe, ngati mutabwerera mmbuyo zaka zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu peresenti, zinali zowoneka bwino mosiyana.
Buluu unkaonedwa kuti ndi mthunzi wachikazi chifukwa chogwirizana ndi Namwali Mariya, pamene pinki inkaonedwa ngati mthunzi wopepuka wa mthunzi wofiira komanso mthunzi wa amuna.
Chinsinsi cha mtundu wakuda 🖤 | Mitundu l1 l2 l3
Black ndi mthunzi wovuta womwe umabwera mumitundu yambiri, ngakhale kuti sitilankhula nthawi zonse ganizani.
Tili ndi mawu ambiri osiyana a zoyera, koma tilibe mawu oyenerera oti tikambirane zovuta zakuda.
Komabe, pali mtundu umodzi wakuda womwe umasiyana ndi ena onse: Vantablack.
Ndichidule cha zisankho za carbon nanotube zoyendetsedwa molunjika, ndipo mwaukadaulo si mtundu kwenikweni.
M’malo mwake, ndi chinthu chimene chimatenga kuwala kochuluka kuposa china chilichonse padziko lapansi.
Kulumikizanaku kumapangidwa ndi machubu a carbon fiber omwe amalumikizana molunjika ndipo kuwala kukawagunda, m'malo modumphira ndikubwereranso m'maso mwathu, kuwalako kumatsekeredwa pakati pa machubuwa ndikuyamwa.
Mukayang'ana, zimakhala ngati kuyang'ana dzenje lopanda kanthu, chifukwa zomwe mukuwona ndizopanda kuwala.
Cassia St Clair akuti chinali chokumana nacho chowopsa. Wasayansi wina wokhudzana ndi kulengedwa kwa Vantablack adanenanso kuti adalandira mafoni kuchokera kwa anthu omwe adawona ndipo adaganiza kuti chilengedwechi chiyenera kukhala ntchito ya mdani mwanjira ina.
Zikuwonetsa machitidwe akale omwe mithunzi ikadali nayo pa ife, ngakhale idasinthika bwanji pakapita nthawi. Monga Kassia St. Clair akuti:
"Mitundu imapangidwa ndi chikhalidwe ndipo imasintha pafupipafupi, ngati mapanelo ojambulidwa. Mtundu si mfundo yeniyeni. Zikusintha, ndi zamoyo, zikufotokozedwanso ndikukambidwa mosalekeza, ndiye mbali yamatsenga yake!
