Zasinthidwa komaliza pa Novembara 3, 2023 ndi Roger Kaufman
Tanthauzo - fanizo ndi chiyani?
ndi fanizo kwenikweni ndi mawu ophiphiritsa omwe amafotokoza chinthu kapena zochita m'njira yosakhala yeniyeni.
Komabe, zothandizira zimafotokozera nsonga kapena kupanga kusiyana.
fanizo amachokera ku Greek: metapherein - kunyamula; kotero timatengera tanthauzo la chinthu chimodzi kupita ku china.
Fanizo ndi mawu ophiphiritsa omwe, pazifukwa zongolankhula, amalongosola molunjika mfundo imodzi akamakambirana ina.
Itha kupereka zabwino kapena kupeza kufanana kodabwitsa pakati pamalingaliro awiri.
fanizo nthawi zambiri amafanizidwa ndi mitundu ina ya zithunzi, monga kutembenuza, kukongoletsa, kufananiza, ndi kufananiza.
ndi fanizo ndi malankhulidwe.
Aliyense amene amajambula zithunzi ndi chinenero amalola omvera kuona ndi makutu ake. - Zosadziwika
Chilankhulo chathu chatsiku ndi tsiku chimakhala chodzaza ndi mafanizo omwe nthawi zambiri sitimawazindikira: Letesi akuwombera kumwamba, Roger asiya. ayezi woonda etc.
Kodi Metaphor ndi chiyani | Tanthauzo lophiphiritsa:
Fanizo lina limanena kuti chinthu ndi mfundo ina.
Fanizo ndi kufananitsa kosalunjika.
Ngati muli nawo analogue Tangoganizani, zitha kuwoneka zachilendo kwambiri (kodi m'nyumba mwanu muli mwanawankhosa wakuda kapena wamba?).
Zofananira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndakatulo, zolembalemba komanso nthawi iliyonse munthu akalankhula mosiyana ndi chilankhulo chawo chakunja Farben ndikufuna kuwonjezera.
Mawu kapena mawu ofunikira a mfundo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mfundo ina mukafuna kuwulula kapena kunena kuti ndizofanana.
Chinthu, ntchito, kapena lingaliro lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha chinthu china.
Mafanizo ndi mtundu umodzi chinenero chachilendo chophiphiritsira, amene amatanthauza mawu kapena matchulidwe otanthauza chinthu chotsatira tanthauzo lake lenileni.
Pankhani ya mafanizo, kusanthula kwenikweni kumakhala kopusa kwambiri.
Mafanizo amawonekera m'mabuku, ndakatulo, nyimbo ndi ntchito, komanso m'chinenero
Mukamva wina akunena kuti "akulankhula mophiphiritsa," zingatanthauze kuti simutenga zomwe ananenazo ngati zoona. chowonadi, koma monga lingaliro.
Mwachitsanzo ndi nthawi kwa omaliza komanso pambuyo pa mayeso, ophunzirawo amatchula zinthu monga “Mayeso amenewo anali kupha”.
M'malo mwake, ndikungoyerekeza kuti akadali ndi moyo ngati akuthandizadi kupereka ndemanga zokhudzana ndi mayeso.
Choncho, ichi kwenikweni ndi chitsanzo cha mmene kulankhula mophiphiritsa kapena mophiphiritsa.
Ma analogies amatha mawu anu Leben kudzutsa (kapena imfa pa nkhani ya chiweruzo).
Nthawi zambiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito fanizo mosavuta kuti mutu wanu ukhale womveka bwino kwa mlendo kapena kupanga lingaliro lomveka bwino.
Atha kukhalanso chithandizo chodabwitsa ngati mukufuna kukonza zolengedwa zanu pamodzi ndi zithunzi.
Monga fanizo lodziwika bwino, fanizo limapezeka paliponse, kuchokera m'mabuku ndi mafilimu za Boma limalankhula ndi nyimbo zotchuka.
Zikakhala zabwino kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kuziphonya.
Kodi fanizo ndi chiyani | Tanthauzo Metaphor - Tengani zitsanzo zodziwika bwino za fanizo:
“Dziko lonse ndi siteji, ndipo amuna ndi akazi onse ndi olungama Spieler. Ali ndi zotuluka ndi zolowa zawo. ” - William Shakespeare
"Chikumbumtima choyera ndi nyengo ya Khirisimasi yosasokonezeka." - Benjamin Franklin
"Iwe sunakhale galu wosaka ndipo umangolira." - Elvis Presley
Tanthauzo Kuphiphiritsa - Kuphiphiritsa ndi kufananiza
Kwenikweni, nayi nsonga:
Mafanizo amafanana ndi mafanizo, koma mafanizo si mafanizo.
Fanizo limabweretsa kusiyanitsa potchula kuti chinthucho ndi china, koma fanizo kuti chinthucho ndi anthu amafanana ndi chinthu china.
Ngati muchita khama pakati mafanizo komanso mafanizo kuwasiyanitsa, mungathe kuwazindikira mosavuta monga mafanizo kudzera m'mafaniziro oonekera bwino kwambiri a mafanizo.
Yang'anani pa izi mafanizo ndikusakatula izi kuti mudziwe momwe amagwirira ntchito:
Ndiwokongola ngati chosinthira.
Zili ngati kuombera nsomba mumgolo.
Kwenikweni ndi mtedza ngati keke ya zipatso.
Troll ali ngati anyezi wofiira.
Kodi fanizo ndi chiyani | Tanthauzo Mafanizo - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafanizo.
"Chifukwa kupanga mafanizo abwino kumatanthauza kuzindikira kufanana." - Aristotle
Chilolezo chobwereranso ku tanthauzo la fanizo ngati fanizo.
Chitsanzo china ndi snappy ananama "Ndiwe Dzuwa langa".
Sikuti ma radiation oyipa, amathanso kukhala ndi chiwongolero chokweza pa wokamba nkhani.
Komabe, kumasulira kwa fanizoli n’kofalikiradi.
Nthawi zambiri fanizo limagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasamala kuti lipereke chizindikiro chamtundu wina.
Zolemba zilipodi zambiri mitundu ina yosiyanasiyana za ma analogies: amatchulidwanso, analandira, akufa ndi ena.
Chifaniziro chenicheni
Kwenikweni malingaliro alembedwa apa:
Fanizo loperekedwa limapatuka panjira "Ding An ndi weniweni Ding B” ndipo imakuthandizani kuti mufananize mwatsopano komanso mwaluso kudzera - mumangoganizira - zotsatira zake.
Mafanizo amtunduwu amapezeka m'nyimbo ndi ndakatulo.
M'nkhani yodziwika bwino ya Shakespeare, Romeo akufanizira ndi Liebe ndi kuwala kwadzuwa kudutsa mizere yogulitsa.
Koma zofewa!
Ndi kuunikira kotani pawindo la nyumba yopuma?
Ndi kummawa ndi Liebe ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa!
Turuka, kuwala kwadzuwa kotuwa, muphe wansanje mwezi, amene panopa akudwala komanso wotopa ndi mantha.
"Ndinu kuwala kwanga kwadzuwa" ngati malo achifundo.
Fanizo lopanda moyo
Nali lingaliro:
Fanizo lopanda moyo kwenikweni ndi cliché yomwe yakhala yofala kuti zithunzizo zataya mphamvu zawo.
Zitsanzo za mafananidwe akufa ndi: "kudontha kwa amphaka ndi ziweto", "kuti Baby kutaya ndi madzi osamba" ndi "moyo wa golidi".
Ndi fanizo labwino kwambiri, losangalatsa mumapeza izi chikondi Chachiwiri, ngati mukuganiza momwe zingawonekere ngati Elvis adayimbadi hound (mwachitsanzo).
Chifukwa china chopewera mafanizo akufa n’chakuti n’ngosavuta kuwasakaniza.
M'munsimu muli kwenikweni mmodzi lingaliro olembedwa:
Fanizo losakanikirana ndilomwe likuwonekera - kusakaniza kwa mafanizo awiri osagwirizana.
kuphatikiza Mafanizo angakhale oseketsa kwambiri kukhala:
Fakir wochititsa chidwi Berra analidi wotchuka chifukwa cha "Yogi-isms" yake yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mafanizo osokoneza omwe adakwanitsabe kufotokoza zomwe adalemba:
Napoliyoni analinso ndi chipata chake chamadzi
Pansipa pali lingaliro:
Mukamapanga fanizo lanu, tsatirani mfundo zomwe anthu amazidziwa koma osamasulira tumizani munthu.
Kodi fanizo ndi chiyani | Tanthauzo fanizo - apa pali chitsanzo chophweka:
Analidi chikondwerero chenicheni pakhomopo poganizira kuti amayi adathawa.
Simunganene kuti malo anu ndi chikondwerero, koma ndimeyi ikuwonetsa kuti zinthuzi ndi zachipongwe, zodzaza ndi chisangalalo komanso mwina kusakhazikika ndi amayi panja.
Vera F. Birkenbihl pa kuganiza kwachiyanjano, maukonde a chidziwitso ndi fanizo "udzudzu kapena kusiyana".
Paphata pa Chichewa 44 Fanizo: Chinenero cha Zifanizo
Mafanizo ali ngati mazenera a dziko lamalingaliro ndi matanthauzo.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo cha zithunzi, amatilola kumasulira malingaliro ndi malingaliro osamveka m'mawu omveka, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati ndakatulo.
Das moyo ndi ulendo.
Mzindawu ndi nkhalango.
Mawu ake anali mivi mu mtima mwanga.
Maso ake anali nyenyezi zakumwamba.
Malingaliro ndi nyali.
Chiyembekezo ndi kuwala kumapeto kwa ngalandeyo.
Seine maganizo ndi mitambo yodutsa.
Mawu ake anali nyimbo m'makutu mwanga.
Mtima ndi linga.
M'mawa ndi kumwetulira kwatsiku.
Nthawi ikuuluka ngati muvi.
kufa Liebe ndi nyanja ya maluwa.
Malingaliro ake ndi mbewu za chidziwitso.
Kuseka ndi nyimbo.
Der vuto ndi volcano yotentha.
Misozi yake inali nyanja yachisoni.
kufa Freundschaft ndi chuma.
Moyo ndi nthabwala.
Chikondi ndi chimodzi Chinsinsi cha chimwemwe.
Mantha ndi mthunzi wakuda.
Dziko lapansi ndi siteji.
Mtima wake ndi wopangidwa ndi golide.
Nthawi ndi mbala.
Ali ndi masomphenya oundana.
Chikondi ndi zozimitsa moto mu mtima mwanga.
Mzindawu ndi nkhalango.
Mawu ake anali mivi mu mtima mwanga.
Maso ake anali nyenyezi zakumwamba.
Malingaliro ndi nyali.
Chiyembekezo ndi kuwala kumapeto kwa ngalandeyo.
Malingaliro ake ali mitambo ikudutsa.
Mawu ake anali nyimbo m'makutu mwanga.
Mtima ndi linga.
M'mawa ndi kumwetulira kwatsiku.
Nthawi ikuuluka ngati muvi.
Chikondi ndi nyanja ya maluwa.
Malingaliro ake ndi mbewu za chidziwitso.
Kuseka ndi nyimbo.
Mkwiyo ndi phiri lophulika.
Misozi yake inali nyanja yachisoni.
Ubwenzi ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali.
Moyo ndi nthabwala.
Chikondi ndicho chinsinsi cha chimwemwe.
Mantha ndi mthunzi wakuda.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri | Ma Metaphors FAQ
Kodi fanizo ndi chiyani?
Fanizo ndi chifaniziro cha kalembedwe m'chinenero chomwe liwu limodzi kapena mawu amagwiritsiridwa ntchito kupanga kulumikizana mophiphiritsa ndi liwu lina kapena lingaliro lina. Izi zimachitidwa kuti apereke lingaliro kapena tanthauzo lozama.
Kodi fanizo limagwira ntchito bwanji?
Fanizo limagwira ntchito posonyeza kufanana kapena kufanana pakati pa zinthu ziwiri zosiyana. Limalowetsa m’malo mwa kumasulira kwenikweniko ndi kumasulira mophiphiritsa kapena mophiphiritsa kuti apereke lingaliro lomveka bwino kapena kumvetsa mozama.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa fanizo ndi fanizo?
Fanizo limapanga kugwirizana kwachindunji pakati pa zinthu ziwiri ngati kuti ndizofanana (mwachitsanzo, “Dziko ndi siteji”). Kuyerekeza, kumbali ina, kumagwiritsira ntchito mawu monga "monga" kapena "monga" kutsindika kufanana pakati pa zinthu ziwiri (mwachitsanzo, "Moyo uli ngati ulendo").
Chifukwa chiyani mafanizo amagwiritsidwa ntchito?
Mafanizo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabuku ndi m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kuti amveketse bwino mfundo zosamveka. Mutha kufewetsa malingaliro ovuta ndikupanga zolemba kapena kulumikizana kukhala kosangalatsa.
Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafanizo?
Inde, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafanizo, kuphatikizapo mafanizo ophiphiritsa (monga "Iye ndi bukhu lotsekedwa"), mafanizo amalingaliro (monga "Nthawi ndi ndalama") ndi mafanizo ophiphiritsa (monga "Zinyama za m'nkhalango zimayimira dziko lathu."
Kodi mafanizo amapezeka kuti?
Mafanizo ali ponseponse m'mabuku, ndakatulo, malankhulidwe, mawu anyimbo komanso kulumikizana kwatsiku ndi tsiku. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito potsatsa, zojambulajambula ndi mafilimu kuti apereke mauthenga kapena kudzutsa malingaliro.
Kodi mafanizo angamveke molakwika?
Inde, mafanizo angamveke molakwa ngati woŵerenga kapena womvetsera sakuzindikira tanthauzo lophiphiritsa limene akufuna. Choncho, nkofunika kuganizira nkhani ndi cholinga cha wokamba nkhani kapena wolemba.
Kodi pali zitsanzo zodziwika bwino za mafanizo m'mabuku?
Inde, mabuku ambiri otchuka ali ndi mafanizo. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi cha Shakespeare cha “All the world’s a stage” kuchokera ku As You Like It , pamene akuyerekeza dziko ndi siteji.
Kodi fanizo lingakhale losamveka bwino?
Inde, mafanizo angakhale osamveka chifukwa kumasulira kwawo kumadalira mmene wowerenga kapena womvera akuonera. Izi zitha kubweretsa kutanthauzira kosiyanasiyana ndikupanga kuzama kwamalemba.
